Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is characterized by abnormalities in the lungs that make it difficult to exhale normally. Generally, two distinct diseases are involved: emphysema and chronic bronchitis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 75 percent of deaths from COPD that occur in developed countries are directly related to smoking tobacco. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) report that COPD is a major cause of disability and the third leading cause of death in the United States.
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