Retinitis pigmentosa is a term that describes a group of genetic conditions that cause loss of vision. Retinitis pigmentosa primarily affects the back wall of the eye which is known as the retina. The retina allows the eye to respond to light. Within the retina are specific types of cells known as photoreceptors or rods and cones, as well as a layer of cells known as the retinal pigment epithelium. The genetic changes that cause retinitis pigmentosa affect either the photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium, leading to the death of cells within the retina, causing progressive vision loss and often ending in blindness.
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